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1.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 31(113): 48-54, 20230000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1527473

ABSTRACT

Está demostrado en diversos estudios que los avances en el diagnóstico microbiológico reducen el tiempo de entrega de resultados y poseen un impacto clínico eviden-te. Hoy en día, las técnicas basadas en amplificación de ácidos nucleicos nos permiten hacer diagnóstico direc-tamente de la muestra y sumar la posibilidad de detectar más de un agente. Esto impacta tanto en el control de la multiresistencia (MR) como en el inicio de una terapéuti-ca apropiada. La implementación de un sistema de PCR múltiple rápido para neumonía puede ser útil en áreas crí-ticas, donde son frecuentes las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) y el tiempo es un condicionante del éxito terapéutico. El objetivo de nuestro proyecto fue evaluar la implementación del diagnóstico sindrómico rápido por PCR múltiple para neumonía en el manejo del tratamiento de IRA en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. La con-ducta terapéutica fue la variable relevante. Este nuevo diagnóstico nos proporcionó una herramienta ágil, con un tiempo de respuesta de tres a cuatro horas. La ausencia o presencia de genes de resistencia y el microorganismo identificado fueron lo que condujo a la conducta terapéuti-ca acertada en el 75% de los casos. Constituyó una herra-mienta importante para el control de la multirresistencia bacteriana y aumentó la oportunidad de éxito terapéutico


It has been shown in various studies that advances in microbiological diagnosis reduce the delivery time of results and have an evident clinical impact. Today, techniques based on nucleic acid amplification allow us to diagnose directly from the sample and add the possibility of detecting more than one agent. This impacts both the control of MR and the initiation of appropriate therapy. The implementation of a rapid multiplex PCR system for pneumonia can be useful in critical areas where acute respiratory infections (ARI) are frequent and time is a determining factor for therapeutic success. The objective of our project was to evaluate the implementation of rapid syndromic diagnosis by multiple PCR for pneumonia in the management of ARI treatment in an Intensive Care Unit. The therapeutic behavior was the relevant variable. This new diagnosis provided us with an agile tool, with a response time of 3 to 4 hours. The absence or presence of resistance genes and the identified microorganism was what led to the correct therapeutic approach in 75% of the cases. It constituted an important tool for the control of bacterial multiresistance and increased the opportunity for therapeutic success.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Therapeutic Approaches , Early Diagnosis , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(300): 9616-9624, ju.2023. tab.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1443498

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar práticas clínicas com resultados favoráveis aos pacientes com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem obstrução de artéria coronária. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura pela base de dados National Library of Medicine e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde de estudos publicados entre 2018 e 2022. Resultados:87,5% dos estudos encontrados destacaram estratégias farmacológicas e destes, 62,5% citaram o uso da dupla antiagregaçãoplaquetária como mais utilizada, apesar de nenhum estudo evidenciar benefícios. Os inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona comprovaram benefícios em três estudos. 75% dos artigos apontaram que esse grupo de pacientes recebem menos medicamentos preventivos comparados aos pacientes com infarto por obstrução coronariana. Outros seis estudos, revelaram condução clínica variável desses pacientes. Conclusão: O uso de inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona deve ser considerado por ser a única medicação com redução da mortalidade evidenciada. São necessários estudos maiores para orientar com mais segurança à condução do infarto do miocárdio sem obstrução de coronária.(AU)


Objective: To identify clinical practices with favorable results for patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction without coronary artery obstruction. Method: Integrative literature review using the National Library of Medicine and Virtual Health Library databases of studies published between 2018 and 2022. Results: 87.5% of the studies found highlighted pharmacological strategies and of these, 62.5% cited the use of dual antiplatelet therapy as the most used, despite no study showing benefits. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have shown benefits in three studies. 75% of the articles pointed out that this group of patients receive less preventive medication compared to patients with infarction due to coronary obstruction. Another six studies revealed variable clinical management of these patients. Conclusion: The use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors should be considered as it is the only medication with proven reduction in mortality. Larger studies are needed to guide with more safety the management of myocardial infarction without coronary obstruction.(AU)


Objetivo: Identificar prácticas clínicas con resultados favorables para pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio sin obstrucción arterial coronaria. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2022. Resultados: el 87,5% de los estudios encontrados destacaron estrategias farmacológicas y de estos, el 62,5% citó el uso de la terapia antiplaquetaria dual como el más utilizados, a pesar de que ningún estudio muestra beneficios. Los inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona han mostrado beneficios en tres estudios. El 75% de los artículos señalaron que este grupo de pacientes recibe menos medicación preventiva en comparación con los pacientes con infarto por obstrucción coronaria. Otros seis estudios revelaron un manejo clínico variable de estos pacientes. Conclusión: Se debe considerar el uso de inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, ya que es el único medicamento con reducción comprobada de la mortalidad. Son necesarios estudios más amplios que orienten con mayor seguridad el manejo del infarto de miocardio sin obstrucción coronaria.(AU)


Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Therapeutic Approaches , Clinical Decision-Making , MINOCA , Myocardial Infarction
3.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(3): 1242-1268, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425458

ABSTRACT

Considerado um grave problema em saúde pública, as feridas crônicas são patologias que desafiam o manejo terapêutico e infelizmente acometem milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo. Essa doença apresenta altos índices de morbidade impactando negativamente na qualidade de vida dos seus portadores, além de influenciar negativamente no domínio "bem-estar", principalmente quando associado aos fatores clínicos podendo estar relacionado há anos de tratamento sem cura da ferida. As feridas crônicas são caracterizadas por demora ou dificuldade nos processos de cicatrização e reparação ordenada da integridade anatômica e funcional da pele durante um período de no mínimo três meses. Porém, algumas lesões permanecem por anos e até décadas sem cicatrizar. Objetivo: O escopo dessa revisão é mostrar o limitado arsenal terapêutico bem como a dificuldade no manejo clínico e dessa forma proporcionar uma reflexão sobre sua fisiopatologia e a urgente necessidade de novas opções e condutas terapêuticas que possam auxiliar no tratamento desses pacientes. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre feridas crônicas, cujo critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados no período de janeiro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2023. Conclusão: A problemática acerca dessa patologia é vasta, tratando de uma doença de difícil cura, com uma gama de fatores associados que dificultam a cura da lesão, estendendo essa doença a altos índices de morbidade. Novas condutas terapêuticas e novos fármacos, precisam ser desenvolvidos urgentemente. Destaca-se que o uso de probióticos e o emprego da nanotecnologia tem mostrado um grande potencial inovador no tratamento de pacientes portadores de feridas crônicas.


Considered a serious public health problem, chronic wounds are pathologies that defy therapeutic management and unfortunately affect thousands of people around the world. This disease has high morbidity rates, negatively impacting the quality of life of its patients, in addition to negatively influencing the "well-being" domain, especially when associated with clinical factors, which may be related to years of treatment without healing of the wound. Chronic wounds are characterized by delay or difficulty in healing processes and orderly repair of the anatomical and functional integrity of the skin over a period of at least three months. However, some injuries remain for years and even decades without healing. Objective: The scope of this review is to show the limited therapeutic arsenal as well as the difficulty in clinical management and thus provide a reflection on its pathophysiology and the urgent need for new options and therapeutic approaches that can help in the treatment of these patients. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature on chronic wounds, whose inclusion criteria were articles published from January 2005 to February 2023. Conclusion: The problem surrounding this pathology is vast, dealing with a difficult-to-cure disease, with a range of associated factors that make healing of the lesion difficult, extending this disease to high morbidity rates. New therapeutic approaches and new drugs need to be developed urgently. It is noteworthy that the use of probiotics and the use of nanotechnology have shown great innovative potential in the treatment of patients with chronic wounds.


Consideradas un grave problema de salud pública, las heridas crónicas son patologías que desafían el manejo terapéutico y que, lamentablemente, afectan a miles de personas en todo el mundo. Esta enfermedad presenta altas tasas de morbilidad, impactando negativamente en la calidad de vida de sus pacientes, además de influir negativamente en el dominio "bienestar", especialmente cuando se asocia a factores clínicos, que pueden estar relacionados con años de tratamiento sin curación de la herida. Las heridas crónicas se caracterizan por un retraso o dificultad en los procesos de cicatrización y reparación ordenada de la integridad anatómica y funcional de la piel durante un periodo de al menos tres meses. Sin embargo, algunas heridas permanecen durante años e incluso décadas sin cicatrizar. Objetivo: El alcance de esta revisión es mostrar el limitado arsenal terapéutico así como la dificultad en el manejo clínico y así aportar una reflexión sobre su fisiopatología y la urgente necesidad de nuevas opciones y enfoques terapéuticos que puedan ayudar en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre heridas crónicas, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron artículos publicados desde enero de 2005 hasta febrero de 2023. Conclusiones: La problemática que rodea a esta patología es amplia, tratándose de una enfermedad de difícil curación, con una serie de factores asociados que dificultan la cicatrización de la lesión, extendiendo esta enfermedad a altas tasas de morbilidad. Es urgente desarrollar nuevos enfoques terapéuticos y nuevos fármacos. Cabe destacar que el uso de probióticos y el empleo de nanotecnología han mostrado un gran potencial innovador en el tratamiento de pacientes con heridas crónicas.


Subject(s)
Patients , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Therapeutic Approaches , Therapeutics/nursing , Wound Healing , Databases, Bibliographic , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. homeopatia (São Paulo) ; 84(2): 16-31, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, HomeoIndex, MTYCI | ID: biblio-1519108

ABSTRACT

ensaio clínico de pacientes únicos (ECPU/ensaio n-de-1) consiste na observação sistemática de condutas terapêuticas adotadas para otimizar o restabelecimento da saúde em um único paciente, com múltiplos cruzamentos ao longo do tratamento, podendo ter adicionalmente propósito de pesquisa clínica. Foi proposto há décadas e tem sido mais utilizado nas áreas de psicologia clínica, recebendo maior atenção em estudos médicos nos últimos anos. Embora seja considerado como o tipo de estudo com maior força para tomada de decisões terapêuticas, ainda são escassas as publicações sobre o seu emprego em medicina. Este artigo aborda as possibilidades dos ECPUs na avaliação dos resultados clínicos da homeopatia, explorando seus aspectos metodológicos, éticos e educacionais característicos em comparação aos ensaios clínicos randomizados tradicionais. Em pesquisa clínica, diferentemente dos ensaios convencionais, os ECPUs permitem a participação mais direta do paciente na escolha dos procedimentos e acompanhamento dos resultados, com possibilidade de alterações imediatas e sem que seja necessária sua exclusão do estudo, além de implicações de ordem econômica, política e ética. Podem ser utilizados no teste de medicamentos usados de modo off label, sem as restrições impostas à inclusão de pacientes vulneráveis nos estudos clínicos habituais, com excessiva artificialização no delineamento experimental. Poderiam ser ainda adotados nas diversas fases de teste clínico dos medicamentos, reduzindo a exposição de grande número de participantes aos riscos da pesquisa e baixa margem de extrapolação clínica dos resultados ao conjunto da população. Em homeopatia, podem ajudar a aprimorar o conhecimento dos medicamentos já em uso ou a melhor detectar os efeitos de novas substâncias testadas em ensaios patogenéticos homeopáticos. Em função do seu propósito principal de otimização do tratamento individual ­ e do alinhamento com os princípios éticos da autonomia e beneficência associados à prática da medicina centrada-no-paciente ou de precisão - podem ser desenvolvidos em conjunto com o paciente e familiares, sem a obrigatoriedade de aprovação prévia por Comissões de Ética Médica ou Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa.


The single-patient clinical trial (n-of-1 trial) is primarily designed to systematically observe outcomes from different therapeutic options to optimize the restoration of health in a single patient, with multiple crossovers throughout the treatment. They may additionally have a clinical research purpose. They have been proposed for decades and were mostly used in clinical psychology, receiving greater attention in medical studies in recent years. Although it is considered the type of study with the greatest strength for therapeutic decision-making, there are still few publications with its application in medicine. This article discusses the possibilities of single-patient clinical trials in assessing homeopathy outcomes, exploring their characteristic methodological, educational and ethical aspects compared to traditional randomized clinical trials. In clinical research, unlike conventional trials, single-patient clinical trials allow for more direct patient participation in choosing procedures and monitoring results, with the possibility of immediate changes without the need for their exclusion from the study, in addition to economic, political and ethical implications. They can be used in testing off-label drugs without the restrictions imposed on the inclusion of vulnerable patients in usual clinical studies, with excessive artificiality in the experimental design. They could also be adopted in the various clinical trial phases of drugs, reducing the exposure of many participants to the risks of research and low margin of clinical extrapolation of the results to the entire population. In homeopathy, they can help refine the knowledge of medications already in use or better detect the effects of new substances tested in homeopathic pathogenetic trials. Due to their purpose of optimizing individual treatment ­ and alignment with the principles of patient-centered or precision medicine ­ they can be developed jointly with the patient and her family without the mandatory prior approval by Medical Ethics Committees or Research Ethics Committees.


Subject(s)
Humans , Homeopathic Clinics , Therapeutic Approaches/standards , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics , Ethics, Medical , Precision Medicine
5.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2023. 85 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437660

ABSTRACT

A febre Chikungunya (CHIKF) é uma infecção viral causada pelo vírus Chikungunya (CHIKV). Os sintomas agudos incluem febre alta de início súbito, erupção cutânea, poliartrite e poliartralgia. Embora a infecção geralmente seja resolvida em menos de duas semanas, muitos pacientes experenciam recorrente dor e inflamação nas articulações, que podem persistir por anos. Esse estudo buscou marcadores moleculares no sangue de infectados pelo CHIKV que estejam associados a dor articular e cronicidade da CHIKF. O sequenciamento de receptores de células B (BCR) e T (TCR) demonstrou que a infecção por CHIKV diminui a diversidade desses receptores. Essa diversidade é ainda menor, durante a fase aguda da infecção, naqueles pacientes que irão desenvolver cronicidade. A menor diversidade de BCR em infectados está associada a um aumento na expressão de genes envolvidos na diferenciação e ativação de osteoclastos pela sinalização RANK/RANKL. Em adição, a cronicidade pode estar relacionada um aumento na expressão do gene ZBTB7A cuja expressão confere maior resistência a apoptose em precursores de osteoclastos naqueles pacientes que vão se tornar crônicos. Caso o envolvimento dos osteoclastos durante a patogênese de CHIKF seja confirmado, os pacientes poderão se beneficiar de abordagens terapêuticas já existentes como alternativas adicionais ao tratamento de CHIKF


Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a viral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Acute symptoms include sudden-onset high fever, rash, polyarthritis, and polyarthralgia. Although the infection usually resolves within two weeks, many patients experience recurrent joint pain and inflammation, which can persist for years. This study sought molecular markers in the blood of CHIKV-infected individuals that are associated with joint pain and chronicity of CHIKF. Sequencing of B (BCR) and T (TCR) cell receptors demonstrated that CHIKV infection decreases the diversity of these receptors. The diversity is even lower, during the acute phase of the infection, in those patients who will develop chronicity. The lower diversity of BCR in infected individuals is associated with an increase in the expression of genes involved in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts by RANK/RANKL signaling. In addition, chronicity may be related to an increase in the expression of the ZBTB7A gene whose expression confers greater resistance to apoptosis in osteoclast precursors in those patients who will become chronic. If osteoclast role during CHIKF pathogenesis is confirmed, patients may benefit from existing therapeutic approaches as additional alternatives to CHIKF treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Chikungunya Fever/drug therapy , Infections/classification , Osteoclasts/classification , Arthritis/pathology , Therapeutic Approaches/classification , Inflammation/classification , Joints/abnormalities
6.
Femina ; 50(10): 582-588, out. 30, 2022. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414413

ABSTRACT

O câncer é uma das maiores causas de morte em mulheres na idade reprodutiva e ocorre em aproximadamente 0,05% a 0,1% das gestações. Os cânceres ginecológicos, de mama, tireoide e hematológicos são os mais comuns na gravidez. O obstetra é o principal médico para investigar sintomas que podem estar relacionados à malignidade. O diagnóstico pode ser dificultado devido à sobreposição de sintomas da gravidez, como náusea, vômitos, aumento do útero e das mamas, dor abdominal, além da limitação para uso de exames de imagem e alterações comuns em exames laboratoriais. O risco e o benefício do diagnóstico e o tratamento para o bem-estar materno e fetal devem ser avaliados com cuidado pelos profissionais envolvidos. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre quando suspeitar e como investigar os principais cânceres na gestação.(AU)


Cancer is the major cause of death in women on reproductive age and occurs in approximately 0.05% to 0.1% of pregnancies. Gynecological, breast, thyroid and hema- tological cancers are the most common in pregnancy. The obstetrician is the primary physician to investigate symptoms that may be related to malignancy. The diagnosis can be difficult due to the overlap of pregnancy symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, enlargement of the uterus and breasts, abdominal pain, in addition to the limitation for the use of imaging tests and common changes in laboratory tests. The risk and be- nefit of diagnosis and treatment for maternal and fetal well-being should be carefully assessed by the professionals involved. This article aims to conduct a review on when to suspect and how to investigate the main cancers in pregnancy.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic , Therapeutic Approaches , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Neoplasms , Ovarian Neoplasms , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Breast Neoplasms , Hodgkin Disease , Thyroid Neoplasms , Colorectal Neoplasms , Leukemia , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Databases, Bibliographic , Hematologic Neoplasms , Genital Neoplasms, Female , Melanoma
8.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 531-545, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399143

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conhecer as considerações éticas relacionadas às condutas terapêuticas das equipes de saúde frente aos pacientes terminais. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Realizado no período de dezembro de 2020, através do acesso ao Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, considerando que este, coordena o Sistema de Pós-graduação brasileiro. Resultados: Foram identificadas seis classes semânticas, de modo que a mesma formulou a seguinte distribuição de contextos temáticos: Classe 1 Paciente terminal; Classe 2 Condutas médicas; Classe 3 Manejo terapêutico; Classe 4 Protocolos clínicos e aspectos metodológicos dos estudos; Classe 5 Dependências metodológicas e Classe 6 Suporte clínico na terminalidade Dependências metodológicas. Discussão: A morte e a vida tornam-se um impasse enfrentado pelos profissionais de saúde, pois existem fatores decisivos na vida de cada paciente em situação terminal com nenhuma esperança de cura, envolvendo assim questões éticas. Conclusão: Portanto, torna-se necessário que as instâncias de saúde assegurem protocolos, treinamentos e aporte psicológicos para esses profissionais que atuam diretamente com pacientes em situações terminais de vida, para que possa haver uma ressignificação do processo de cuidado com pacientes e segurança na tomada de decisões por parte dos profissionais de saúde, e assim possa preservar a ética.


Objective: To know the ethical considerations related to the therapeutic behavior of health teams towards terminal patients. Methodology: This is an exploratory study of a qualitative nature. Carried out in January 2020, through access to the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Bank, considering that it coordinates the Brazilian Postgraduate System. Results: Six semantic classes were identified, so that it formulated the following distribution of thematic contexts: Class 1 Terminal patient; Class 2 Medical conducts; Class 3 Therapeutic management; Class 4 Clinical protocols and methodological aspects of the studies; Class 5 Methodological dependencies and Class 6 Clinical support in terminality Methodological dependencies. Discusson: Death and life become an impasse faced by health professionals, as decisive there are factors in the life of each patient in a terminal situation with no hope of cure, thus involving ethical issues. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary that health institutions ensure protocols, training and psychological support for these professionals who work directly with patients in terminal situations, so that there can be a new meaning for the process of patient care and safety in decision-making by health professionals, and thus can preserve ethics.


Objetivo: Conocer las consideraciones éticas relacionadas con las conductas terapéuticas de los equipos de salud frente a los pacientes terminales. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de carácter cualitativo. Realizado en el período de diciembre de 2020, a través del acceso al Banco de Tesis y Disertaciones de la CAPES, considerando que este, coordina el Sistema de Pós-graduación brasileño. Resultados: Se identificaron seis clases semánticas, por lo que se formuló la siguiente distribución de contextos temáticos: Clase 1 Paciente terminal; Clase 2 Conductas médicas; Clase 3 Manejo terapéutico; Clase 4 Protocolos clínicos y aspectos metodológicos de los estudios; Clase 5 Dependencias metodológicas y Clase 6 Apoyo clínico en la terminalidad Dependencias metodológicas. Discusión: La muerte y la vida se convierten en un impasse al que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud, porque hay factores decisivos en la vida de cada paciente en situación terminal sin esperanza de curación, lo que implica cuestiones éticas. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, se hace necesario que las instancias de salud garanticen protocolos, capacitación y apoyo psicológico para estos profesionales que trabajan directamente con los pacientes en situaciones de vida terminal, para que pueda haber una resignificación del proceso de atención al paciente y seguridad en la toma de decisiones por parte de los profesionales de la salud, y así poder preservar la ética.


Subject(s)
Therapeutic Approaches , Terminally Ill/psychology , Ethics , Palliative Care/ethics , Patient Care Team/ethics , Family/psychology , Clinical Protocols , Death , Decision Making/ethics , Patient Comfort/ethics , Patient Care/ethics
9.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 16(3): 72-82, 20220819.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392795

ABSTRACT

Frecuentemente, se hayan especies del género Candida en la microbiota oral de los humanos. Objetivo: comparar la efectividad antimicrobiana de la terapia fotodinámica sobre las cepas de Candida albicans en superficies acrílicas para prótesis dentales, empleando láser con 660nm de longitud de onda y azul de metileno como agente fotosensibilizador, con respecto a otros métodos terapéuticos. Metodología: estudio in vitro, empleando 60 discos de acrílico de termocurado sumergidos en una suspensión de C. albicans, generando una simulación de biofilm sobre la superficie de una prótesis dental. Luego se conformaron cinco grupos al azar de 12 unidades a los que se aplicó diferentes procedimientos terapéuticos: G1 (suero fisiológico), G2 (clorhexidi-na al 0,12%), G3 (nistatina en solución tópica en 0,001ml/ul), G4 (azul de metileno al 0,005% + láser diodo con λ=660nm, 100mW, 32J/cm2) y G5 (azul de metileno 0,01% + láser diodo con λ=660nm, 100mW, 321J/cm2). Resultados: Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa al comparar los grupos G4 y G5 con respecto a los G1 y G3 (p<0,05). Conclusión: la eficacia en la reducción del número de UFC viables de C. albicans resultó superior en los grupos donde se empleó radiación láser con una longitud de onda de 660nm con diferentes concentraciones de azul de metileno. El uso de nistatina y de suero fisiológico tuvieron los menores valores de eficacia.


Species of the genus Candida are frequently found in the oral microbiota of humans. Objective: to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on Candida albicansstrains on acrylic surfaces for dental prostheses by using a 660nm wavelength laser and methyle-ne blue as a photosensitizing agent, with respect to other therapeutic methods. Methodology: in vitro study, using 60 thermosetting acrylic discs immersed in a suspension of C. albicans, gene-rating a biofilm simulation on the surface of a dental prosthesis. After that, five random groups of 12 units were formed to apply them different therapeutic procedures: G1 (saline solution), G2 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G3 (nystatin in topical solution at 0.001ml/ul), G4 (0.005% methylene blue + diode laser with λ=660nm, 100mW, 32J/cm2) and G5 (0.01% methylene blue + diode laser with λ=660nm, 100mW, 321J/cm2). Results: a statistically significant difference was observed when comparing groups G4 and G5 with respect to G1 and G3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: the efficacy in reducing the number of viable C. albicans CFU was higher in the groups where laser radiation with a wavelength of 660nm was used with different concentrations of methylene blue. The use of nystatin and physiological saline had the lowest efficacy values


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Photochemotherapy , Candida albicans , Dental Prosthesis , Therapeutics , In Vitro Techniques , Therapeutic Approaches
10.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 30(1): [1-15], jan.-mar. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378073

ABSTRACT

A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) engloba um grupo de desordens do movimento e da postura resultantes de uma lesão não progressiva no sistema nervoso. Diversas abordagens fisioterapêuticas vêm sendo propostas para o tratamento de indivíduos com PC, dentre elas o uso de vestes terapêuticas. Sendo assim, a presente revisão teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das vestes terapêuticas na reabilitação de crianças com PC, destacando seus benefícios e possíveis limitações. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases SciELO, Lilacs, Pubmed, Science Direct e PEDro, por meio do descritor "Paralisia Cerebral" e das palavras-chave "AdeliSuit", "PediaSuit", "TheraSuit". Após o levantamento bibliográfico, foram selecionados 11 estudos envolvendo crianças com idade entre um e 15 anos, os quais descreveram o uso das vestes terapêuticas AdeliSuit, TheraSuit e PediaSuit. Todos os estudos apresentaram efeitos favoráveis ao uso das vestes para função motora das crianças avaliadas. Também houveram relatos de melhora na funcionalidade, velocidade e qualidade da marcha e equilíbrio. Apenas quatro estudos compararam programas de reabilitação envolvendo vestes terapêuticas e outras abordagens, os quais apresentaram resultados controversos. Os achados demonstraram resultados favoráveis ao uso das vestes terapêuticas em indivíduos com diagnóstico de PC, apesar de poucas evidências quanto a sua superioridade sobre outras abordagens. (AU)


Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of movement and posture disorders resulting from nervous system non-progressive injury. Several physiotherapy approaches have been proposed to individuals with CP treatment, including the use of therapeutic suits. Thus, the present review aimed to assess the effects of therapeutic suits on children with CP rehabilitation, highlighting their benefits and possible limitations. It was an integrative literature review carried out on SciELO, Lilacs, Pubmed, Science Direct and PEDro databases, using tdescriptor "Cerebral Palsy" and keywords "AdeliSuit", "PediaSuit", "TheraSuit". After bibliographic search, 11 studies were selected involving children aged between one and 15 years old, which described the use of therapeutic suits: AdeliSuit, TheraSuit and PediaSuit. All studies showed positive effects therapeutic suits use during rehabilitation for motor function. Improvements in functionality, speed and quality of gait and balance were also reported. Only four studies compared rehabilitation programs involving therapeutic suits and other therapeutic approaches, which showed controversial results. Those findings demonstrated favorable results for the use of therapeutic suits during rehabilitation programs in individuals with CP, despite little evidence regarding their superiority over other approaches. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cerebral Palsy , Physical Therapy Modalities , Motor Activity , Posture , Therapeutics , Therapeutic Approaches , Muscle Strength , Gait , Movement , Nervous System
11.
Afr. j. AIDS res. (Online) ; 21(2): 93-99, 28 Jul 2022.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1390799

ABSTRACT

It is helpful to divide the global HIV response into three phases: The first, from about 1980 to 2000, represents "Calamity". The second, from roughly 2000 to 2015 represents "Hope." The third, from 2015, is unfolding and may be termed "Choices" ­ and these choices may be severely constrained by COVID, so "Constrained Choices in an era of COVID" may prove more apt. As we take stock of HIV at 40, there are positive lessons for the wider health response ­ and challenging reflections for the wider impact of the global HIV response. The positive lessons include: (1) the importance of activism; (2) the role of scientific progress and innovation; (3) the impact of evidence in concentrating resources on proven approaches; (4) the importance of surveillance to understanding transmission dynamics; (5) the use of epidemic intelligence to guide precision implementation; (6) the focus on implementation cascades (diagnosis, linkage, adherence, disease suppression); and finally (7) an overarching execution and results focus. Given this remarkable legacy, it seems churlish to ask whether the HIV response could have achieved more. yet, consider these approximate figures. Development assistance for HIV totals about 100 billion dollars, 70 billion from the USA matched by roughly 100 billion in domestic resources. For 200 billion dollars, should we not have achieved more than 23 million people initiating treatment (very crudely, 10 000 dollars per person on treatment)? Much of the hundred billion dollars of development assistance (roughly half) focused on about a dozen priority countries in eastern and southern African. The larger PEPFAR recipients, with populations of roughly 50 million, each received 5 billion dollars or more cumulatively. And there are further Global Fund contributions of an additional billion dollars in many of these countries. For 6 billion dollars per country, should we have expected more? The World Bank Human Capital Project posits that to maximize human capital formation, countries must ensure that their children survive, are well nourished and stimulated, learn skills and live long, productive lives. Using the Human Capital Index (a composite index based on these factors), South Africa ­ the largest HIV financing recipient ­ ranks 126th of 157 countries, below Haiti, Ghana, the Congo Republic, Senegal and Benin. Consider how many recipients of major HIV development finance fall into the bottom fifth: Namibia, Botswana, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Lesotho, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Cote D'Ivoire and Nigeria. Of course, causality is unresolved and there are several possible explanations: (1) low human capital formation may increase HIV transmission; (2) the HIV epidemic may have intergenerational impacts; (3) the all-consuming focus on HIV may have displaced other health, education and development priorities. yet, it remains hard to see these data and to argue that successful HIV responses among the largest HIV financing recipients strengthened their wider health sector and human development outcomes. A plausible principle emerges. Narrowly targeted disease-specific emergency responses may lead to disease-specific gains but do not improve governance or national systems capacity or wider disease or development outcomes. This is not to undermine the emergency origins of the HIV response; 2021 is not 2000 and it is unlikely that we would have 23 million people initiating treatment without an emergency response. yet, there are reasons (intensified by COVID), to suggest that we must pivot towards long-term, integrated, developmental, nationally owned and financed, systems-orientated responses ­ particularly when both development assistance and national budgets are likely to be constrained in an era of COVID.


Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Inventions , HIV Testing , COVID-19 , Therapeutic Approaches , SEER Program , Political Activism
12.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 31(2): 82-92, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1412019

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Exponer los factores que han sido asociados al desarrollo de disfunción eréctil (DE) en las personas con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y cuál es la prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil en esta población. Métodos Se realizó una revisión de alcance utilizando las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, y Psycinfo. Los artículos incluidos debían tener cualquier información relacionada con la DE en personas con VIH, su prevalencia, y posibles factores asociados. Se filtraron un total de 2.726 artículos por título y resumen, y, de estos, se seleccionaron 22 referencias para revisión de texto completo y análisis. Resultados Se encontró que las personas con VIH tienen una mayor probabilidad de presentar DE en comparación con las personas sin VIH. Algunos estudios han establecido una asociación entre la DE y trastornos psicológicos o factores orgánicos, como la lipodistrofia, la hipertensión arterial, la hipercolesterolemia, la diabetes mellitus, la depresión, la ansiedad, y el hipogonadismo. La ingesta de terapia antirretroviral (TARV), más específicamente los inhibidores de la proteasa, sigue siendo cuestionada como causante de DE en pacientes con VIH. Conclusiones Ante un paciente con diagnóstico de VIH, se debe ahondar sobre DE con el fin de recomendar e iniciar conductas terapéuticas que aseguren un mejoramiento en su calidad de vida.


Aim To present factors that have been associated with the development of erectile dysfunction (ED) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the frequency of erectile dysfunction among this population. Methods We performed a scoping review on the following databases: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, and Psycinfo. The articles included information related to ED in people with HIV, its frequency, and possible associated factors. A total of 2,726 articles were filtered by title and abstract, and, from these, 22 references were selected for full-text review and analysis. Results People with HIV were found to be more likely to have ED compared to people without HIV. Some studies have established an association between ED and psychological disorders or organic factors, such as lipodystrophy, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety, and hypogonadism. The intake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), more specifically protease inhibitors, continues to be questioned as a cause of ED in patients with HIV. Conclusions In HIV-positive men, we recommend to actively seek ED in order to initiate therapeutic conducts that can ensure an improvement in their quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Quality of Life , HIV , Erectile Dysfunction , Anxiety , Peptide Hydrolases , Protease Inhibitors , Therapeutic Approaches , Alkalies , Hypercholesterolemia , Lipodystrophy
13.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 60(2): e1069, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280216

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La lesión por ahorcamiento se inscribe dentro del traumatismo cerrado de la tráquea cervical. Objetivo: Presentar seis enfermos tratados por secuelas de un intento fallido de ahorcamiento y revisión la literatura sobre los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de seis pacientes tratados entre 1989 y 2011 en el Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras". Todos fueron remitidos de diferentes hospitales, con una traqueostomía para el control de la vía respiratoria. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad, diagnóstico definitivo, técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas, evolución posoperatoria, complicaciones y mortalidad. Resultados: Todos los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino, con edad entre 16 y 66 años (mediana 28,5). Cuatro tenían menos de 30 años, uno 38 y el último 66. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante traqueoscopia flexible y tomografía axial computarizada. La lesión se localizó en subglotis (2) y tráquea (4). Dos pacientes fueron operados antes de la remisión: resección traqueal (1) y laringotraqueal (1). El tratamiento definitivo, en nuestro centro, consistió en resección traqueal (4) y subglótica (2). No se presentaron complicaciones ni fallecidos. Durante el seguimiento postoperatorio (7 a 26 meses), cinco lesionados tuvieron resultados excelentes y uno satisfactorio, asociado con voz débil. Conclusiones: El traumatismo traqueal por ahorcamiento fallido es muy raro. El tratamiento oportuno y adecuado puede reducir las complicaciones y la mortalidad. Un equipo quirúrgico con experiencia puede lograr resultados satisfactorios en un grupo importante de lesionados. La traqueostomía, con anestesia local, es el método de elección para controlar la VR en pacientes con traumatismo cervical(AU)


Introduction: The hanging injury is considered a closed trauma of the cervical trachea. Objective: To present the cases of six patients treated for sequelae after failed hanging attempt, and to review the literature about diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out of six consecutive patients treated between 1989 and 2011 at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. All were referred from different hospitals, with a tracheostomy for controlling the airway. The variables studied were sex, age, definitive diagnosis, surgical techniques used, postoperative evolution, complications and mortality. Results: All patients were male, aged between 16 and 66 years (median: 28.5). Four were less than 30 years old; one, 38; and the last, 66. The diagnosis was made by flexible tracheoscopy and computerized axial tomography. The injury was located in the subglottis (2) and the trachea (4). Two patients were operated on before referral, through tracheal (1) and laryngotracheal (1) resection. Definitive treatment in our center consisted of tracheal (4) and subglottic (2) resection. There were no complications or deaths. During the postoperative follow-up (7-26 months), five injured patients had excellent outcomes and one had satisfactory outcomes, associated with a weak voice. Conclusions: Tracheal trauma after failed hanging is very rare. Timely and appropriate managment can reduce complications and mortality. An experienced surgical team can achieve satisfactory outcomes in a large group of injured people. Tracheostomy, under local anesthesia, is the method of choice for controlling the airways in patients with cervical trauma(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Suicide, Attempted , Trachea/injuries , Tracheostomy/methods , Therapeutic Approaches , Review Literature as Topic , Epidemiology, Descriptive
14.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 27(2): 78-81, 20210000. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1357881

ABSTRACT

La cura avanzada de las heridas complejas se conoce desde 1994, por las guías internacionales para el manejo avanzado de las heridas. Las mismas han demostrado ser costo-efectivas contra la cura tradicional. Aun así, hoy en día, ¿se sigue curando de la manera tradicional las heridas o realmente se realiza la curación avanzada? Se logró determinar cuánto conocen sobre el tema y cuánto lo aplican, enfermeras y médicos de servicios quirúrgicos. Con una simple encuesta, el personal de diferentes servicios quirúrgicos contestó y se observó que un 83% sabe esta alternativa para curar una herida compleja, pero solo un 67% conoce realmente el método. También se vio que un 53% la aplica y el 47% no lo hace por falta de medios, insumos o desconocimiento del método.


The advanced treatment of complex wounds has been known since 1994 by international guidelines for the advanced management of wounds. They have proven to be cost-effective against the traditional cure. Yet, today, do wounds continue to be healed in the traditional way or is advanced healing actually done? We were able to determine how much they know about the subject and how much they apply it, nurses and surgical doctors. With a simple survey, the staff of different surgical services answered and it was observed that 83% know this alternative to heal a complex wound, but only 67% really know the method. It was also found that 53% applied it and 47% did not because of lack of means, inputs or ignorance of the method


Subject(s)
Humans , Wound Healing , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Therapeutic Approaches/economics , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Professional Training
15.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 24(274): 5453-5464, mar.2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1223537

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar as recomendações de condutas terapêuticas e educacionais na assistência ao paciente em período pré e pós-transplante cardíaco. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa baseada na estratégia PICO, realizada com 12 artigos gerados através de pesquisa nas bases de dados LILACS; MEDLINE; BDENF; IBECS; BINACIS e COLECIONASUS em agosto de 2019. Resultados: É recomendado a atuação da equipe multidisciplinar especializada em transplante e a educação em saúde. Maior grau de instrução, melhor condição cognitiva e altos níveis de satisfação social são preditivos de aumento nos anos de sobrevida pós-transplante. Os principais aspectos a serem trabalhados são: ação da insuficiência cardíaca e seu impacto no organismo, tratamentos disponíveis, período de recuperação, rotinas de exames e acompanhamento. Conclusão: Diante da complexidade do tema faz-se necessário uma equipe assistencial especializada e a reflexão sobre a inclusão do cardiopata e familiares no processo. O apoio psicológico gera melhores resultados e adesão ao tratamento.(AU)


Objective: To analyze the recommendations for therapeutic and educational approaches in patient care in the pre- and post-heart transplant period. Methods: This is an integrative review based on the PICO strategy, carried out with 12 articles generated thrçough research in the LILACS databases; MEDLINE; BDENF; IBECS; BINACIS and COLECIONASUS in August 2019. Results: The work of a multidisciplinary team specialized in transplantation and health education is recommended. A higher level of education, a better cognitive condition and high levels of social satisfaction are predictive of an increase in the years of post-transplant survival. The main aspects to be worked on are: heart failure action and its impact on the organism, available treatments, recovery period, exam routines and follow-up. Conclusion: In view of the complexity of the theme, a specialized assistance team and reflection on the inclusion of cardiopath and family members in the process is necessary. Psychological support generates better results and treatment adherence.(AU)


Objetivo: Analizar las recomendaciones de abordajes terapéuticos y educativos en la atención al paciente en el período pre y postrasplante cardíaco. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora basada en la estrategia PICO, realizada con 12 artículos generados a través de la investigación en las bases de datos LILACS; MEDLINE; BDENF; IBECS; BINACIS y COLECIONASUS en agosto de 2019. Resultados: Se recomienda el trabajo de un equipo multidisciplinario especializado en trasplantes y educación para la salud. Un mayor nivel de educación, una mejor condición cognitiva y altos niveles de satisfacción social son predictores de un aumento en los años de supervivencia postrasplante. Los principales aspectos a trabajar son: acción de la insuficiencia cardíaca y su impacto en el organismo, tratamientos disponibles, período de recuperación, rutinas de exploración y seguimiento. Conclusión: Dada la complejidad del tema, es necesario un equipo asistencial especializado y la reflexión sobre la inclusión del cardiópata y familiares en el proceso. El apoyo psicológico genera mejores resultados y adherencia al tratamiento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Transplantation , Cardiovascular Nursing , Patient Care , Heart Failure , Therapeutic Approaches , Patient Education as Topic
16.
Acta méd. colomb ; 46(1): 20-26, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1278151

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: en una unidad de electrofisiología de un hospital de tercer nivel de Manizales, Caldas, se han atendido pacientes en la cuarta edad; sin embargo, existe poca claridad en la literatura sobre las conductas terapéuticas en este grupo etario. Presentamos nuestra experiencia de atención e intervención en pacientes mayores de 80 años entre el 20 de septiembre de 2017 y 7 de octubre de 2019. Métodos: estudio tipo cohorte longitudinal, se recogió información con base en revisión de historias clínicas. Se realizaron seguimientos telefónicos al tercer y sexto mes del procedimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 80 años intervenidos de cualquier procedimiento en la sala de electrofisiología. Se excluyeron los pacientes sin información sobre los datos de seguimiento. Resultados: se recogieron datos de 75 pacientes llevados a procedimiento. El 62.7% de los pacientes fueron hombres, las edades oscilaron entre 80 y 95 años. 32.7%, de pacientes con diagnóstico de disfunción sinusal. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue hipertensión arterial (92%). El procedimiento más realizado fue el implante de marcapaso bicameral. La mediana del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1 día. EL 70% de los pacientes tuvieron riesgo medio o bajo según la escala CHA2DS2VASc. En el lapso de seis meses se encontró una incidencia acumulada de complicaciones de 4%, con 8% de reconsultas y una mortalidad de 1.3%. Conclusiones: las complicaciones posquirúrgicas, la necesidad y duración de la hospitalización, la tasa de reconsulta y la mortalidad asociada a los procedimientos en este grupo de edad son similares a las observadas en estudios con población menor de 80 años.


Abstract Introduction: fourth age patients have been cared for in the electrophysiology unit of a tertiary care hospital in Manizales, Caldas; however, there is little clarity in the literature regarding therapeutic conduct in this age group. We present our experience of care and intervention in patients over the age of 80 between September 20, 2017 and October 7, 2019. Methods: a longitudinal cohort study in which data was collected from a chart review. Telephone follow up was performed three and six months after the procedure. Patients over the age of 80 who had undergone any procedure in the electrophysiology lab were included. Patients without follow up information were excluded. Results: data were collected on 75 patients undergoing a procedure: 62.7% of the patients were men, ages ranged from 80 to 95, and 32.7% of the patients had a diagnosis of sinus dysfunction. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (92%). The most frequently performed procedure was dual chamber pacemaker implantation. The median hospital stay was one day. Seventy percent of the patients had a medium or low risk according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scale. Over a six-month period, a 4% cumulative incidence of complications was found, with 8% reconsultation and 1.3% mortality. Conclusions: postsurgical complications, the need for and length of hospitalization, the rate of reconsultation and the mortality associated with procedures in this age group are similar to those seen in studies of populations under 80 years old.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aged, 80 and over , Pacemaker, Artificial , Patients , Sick Sinus Syndrome , Therapeutic Approaches , Medical Records , Cardiac Electrophysiology
17.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 26: e46700, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287641

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O plantão psicológico é uma modalidade de atenção clínica em psicologia que disponibiliza atendimentos imediatos sem restrição de demanda. Ainda, o trabalho especializado oferecido pelo psicólogo consegue identificar os recursos pessoais do cliente para lidar com sua demanda e promover sua saúde sem necessidade de assistência intensiva. Para os demais casos, encaminhamentos e orientações permitem acionar outros serviços apropriados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e compreender as intervenções empregadas por um plantonista. A partir de análise de conteúdo de registros documentais de seis casos atendidos na modalidade de plantão psicológico realizado em uma clínica-escola e utilizando as matrizes teóricas da psicologia humanista-fenomenológica, foram identificadas e discutidas três unidades significativas a respeito das intervenções empregadas, nomeadas de reflexão, cuidado e explicação. Foi possível, então, relacionar as intervenções a uma facilitação de processo terapêutico e de ajuda ao cliente, encaminhando-o para um posicionamento mais pessoal e consciente. Houve a configuração de um ambiente de empatia e de aceitação incondicional em que os afetos puderam ser recebidos pelo plantonista com uma postura coerente e sensível. Somado a isso, foi possível desenvolver uma relação de aproximação entre o cliente e suas experiências, favorecendo ressignificações e maior consciência sobre seus modos de estar no mundo, logo uma condição mais autônoma e autêntica de existência. Por fim, algumas contribuições foram apresentadas e alguns temas centrais problematizados para dar corpo e movimento às pesquisas acerca do plantão psicológico.


RESUMEN La guardia psicológica es una modalidad de atención clínica en psicología que ofrece atendimientos inmediatos sin restricción de demanda. Además, el trabajo especializado ofrecido por el psicólogo logra identificar los recursos personales del cliente para lidiar con su demanda y promover su salud sin necesidad de asistencia intensiva. Para los demás casos, las remisiones y las orientaciones permiten accionar otros servicios apropiados. En esta investigación se tuvo como objetivo identificar y entender las intervenciones empleadas por un psicólogo de guardia. A partir de análisis de contenido de registros documentales de seis casos atendidos en la modalidad de guardia psicológica realizado en una escuela clínica y utilizando el enfoque de la psicología humanista-fenomenológica, fueron identificadas y discutidas tres unidades significativas respecto de las intervenciones empleadas, denominadas de reflexión, cuidado y explicación. Es posible, entonces, relacionar las conductas a una facilitación de proceso terapéutico y de ayuda al cliente, encaminándolo hacia un posicionamiento más personal y consciente. Hubo la configuración de un ambiente de empatía y de consideración positiva incondicional en que los afectos pudieron ser recibidos por el psicólogo de guardia con una postura coherente y sensible. Al sumado a ello, fue posible desarrollar una relación de acercamiento entre el cliente y sus experiencias, favoreciendo resignificaciones y mayor conciencia sobre sus modos del estar en el mundo, luego una condición más autómata y auténtica de existencia. Por último, algunas contribuciones fueron presentadas y algunos temas centrales problematizados para dar cuerpo y movimiento a las investigaciones acerca de la guardia psicológica.


ABSTRACT Psychological duty is a modality of clinical attention in psychology that makes available immediate appointments without restriction of requests. In addition, the specialized work offered by the psychologist is able to identify the personal resources of the client in order to deal with their request, and to promote their health without the need for intensive care. For the balance of the other cases, referral reports and guidance enable the activation of other appropriate services. This work aimed to identify and to understand the interventions employed by a psychologist on duty. Starting from the content cnalysis of records of six cases attended by the psychological duty schedule performed in a school-clinic, and by the use of the humanistic-phenomenological approach in psychology, three categories were identified and discussed regarding the interventions employed, namely reflections, care, and explanation. Thus, it was possible to relate the actions to a facilitator of the therapeutic process and help the attended person, leading them to a more personal and aware position. There is a setting of an empathic environment, and of unconditional positive regard in which the affections could be received by the psychologist on duty from a coherent and sensible posture. Added to this, it was possible to develop a proximity relationship between the attended person and their life experiences, favoring resignifications and a greater awareness of their ways of being in the world, so, a more autonomous and authentic condition of existence. Finally, some contributions were presented, and some core topics problematised in order to embody and give movement to the research about the psychological duty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology, Clinical/methods , Therapeutic Approaches , Patient Care Bundles/psychology , Psychology , Affect , After-Hours Care , Health Resources , Life Change Events
18.
Rev. patol. trop ; 50(4)2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353043

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people around the world, mainly socially vulnerable populations and is considered a serious public health problem. Caused by several species of the flagellated protozoa of the Leishmania genus, it is transmitted to man through female sand fly bites. The disease can present the cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms, varying according to the parasite species and depending on host immune response. Depending on its evolution, the disease may pose serious risks to the afflicted individual's health. In general, treatment for Leishmaniasis is with pentavalent antimonials, in use for approximately 70 years. However, the existing treatment for Leishmaniasis presents drawbacks such as high toxicity, several side effects, cases of resistance, highlighting the need for new efficient therapeutic approaches. Given all the problems that involve the current treatment of leishmaniasis, it is of paramount importance to seek and screen new molecules that have leishmanicidal activity, meet the safety criteria, while presenting low toxicity, low cost, easy administration and that cure efficiently. This review presents some considerations on the leishmaniasis situation, its treatment and the current panorama for the development of new therapies.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis , Therapeutic Approaches , Neglected Diseases , Immunity
19.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e19156, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350240

ABSTRACT

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with global prevalence of 0.4% to 1.0%. Extra-articular manifestations increase its morbidity and severity, and cardiovascular diseases present the greatest risk. Therapeutic approaches have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, often involving the use of multiple classes of drugs with different mechanisms and forms of action. Corticosteroid therapy is widely used in this therapeutic combination; however, its use has been widely questioned because of its high toxicity and some negative effects, including the possibility of increased cardiovascular risk, depending on the dosage. Some studies have provided important insights into how glucocorticoids have an impact on cardiac complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Most of these studies have concluded that exposure to these drugs at high or cumulative doses is associated with increased risk of death, as well as possibly being associated with the presence of a positive rheumatoid factor.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Patients , Rheumatoid Factor , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Therapeutic Approaches
20.
Dent. press endod ; 10(3): 15-26, Sept-Dec.2020. Ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1344750

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A manutenção da dentição natural é preferível na maioria dos casos. Muito embora hoje em dia se possa contar com os implantes dentários, em casos com prognóstico menos limitado a preservação dos dentes ainda é mais aconselhável que os implantes. A Endodontia, e todas as suas possibilidades terapêuticas existentes, intenta e faz o papel de especialidade que tem como princípio prevenir ou eliminar a periodontite apical, dando condições de reparo e saúde ao periodonto apical e tecido ósseo. Com o advento tecnológico dos últimos anos, os tratamentos de canal se tornaram muito mais previsíveis e isso se reflete no aumento dos índices de sucesso, tanto de tratamentos primários quanto de retratamentos. Contudo, existem casos que falham, mas esses casos não são o fim da linha para o dente. Entre as manobras existentes para se reintervir em dentes que tiveram um tratamento que fracassou, são possíveis a microcirurgia endodôntica apical ou o reimplante intencional. Método: A manobra de reimplante intencional consiste de várias etapas cirúrgicas que vão desde a extração do elemento dental até a reposição de volta ao seu alvéolo. Neste artigo foram descritos dois casos clínicos limítrofes que foram tratados por meio desse procedimento. Resultados: Os casos apresentaram resultados excelentes, como remissão das lesões apicais, reparo ósseo e permanência dos elementos em boca, com acompanhamento de longo prazo (2 e 11 anos). Conclusões: Com altos índices de sucesso já relatados na literatura, essa modalidade de tratamento precisa ser mais explorada e divulgada no Brasil, principalmente entre alunos de pós-graduação e especialistas em Endodontia, pois comprovadamente pode evitar a indicação desnecessária de implantes dentais (AU).


Introduction: The maintenance of natural dentition is preferable in most of cases. However, nowadays it is possible to use dental implants in cases where prognosis is very limited. Endodontics and all of its therapeutic modalities play an important role, which has, in principle, to prevent or eliminate apical periodontitis providing better conditions for wound healing of periapical and bone tissues. In the past few years, with technological advances, root canal treatment became more predictable and this can be seen reflected in the increase of success rates of primary treatment as well as non-surgical retreatment. Nevertheless, some cases can failure but, it is not the end for the tooth, once some therapeutic approaches are possible, like apical microsurgery or intentional replantation. Method: Intentional replantation is an approach in which some surgical steps are done, since the dental extraction until its repositioning back to the socket. In this article two bordering cases were described. Results: 2 and 11 years follow-up confirm the favorable results of this technique. Both cases with no apical lesion, bone healing and dental elements developing their natural functions. Conclusions: The high successful rates described in the literature give to this treatment approach an important face, and that should be more explored and disclosed in Brazil, specially between specialists and post-graduation students, once can avoid unnecessary dental implants (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Periapical Periodontitis , Tooth Replantation , Therapeutic Approaches , Microsurgery , Students , Retreatment , Endodontics , Methods
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